Dorottya Nyulas. Ironwork Hoards in Roman Dacia
Category: Roman archaeology; Province of Dacia
Language: English

   The present volume is an improved and slightly rearranged version of the author’s doctoral thesis, which was publicly defended at the Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, in September 2023. The objective of the thesis was the in-depth analysis of hoarding and depositing ironwork in Roman Dacia through a detailed re-examination and comparative study of the known assemblages.

Table of contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART I. THE IRONWORK HOARDS IN ROMAN DACIA

1. RESEARCH HISTORY

1.1. Theoretic background

1.1.1. Theoretic approaches of artefact studies

1.1.2. Theoretic approaches of Roman hoards

1.2. Ancient literary sources

1.3. Ironwork hoards in the Roman Empire – a short overview

1.4. Research history of ironwork hoards in Roman Dacia

2. ANCIENT HOARDS ON THE TERRITORY OF DACIA IN A WIDER PERSPECTIVE

2.1. The antecedent of the subject: ironwork hoards in pre-Roman Dacia

2.2. Ironwork hoards after the abandonment of the province (4th–5th centuries AD)

2.3. The hoarding and deposition of objects made of materials other than iron in Roman Dacia

3. GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE IRONWORK HOARDS FROM ROMAN DACIA

3.1. Apoldu de Sus (AP)

3.2. Bumbești-Jiu (BU)

3.3. Căianu Mic (CA)

3.4. Chinteni (CH)

3.5. Dedrad (DE)

3.6. Lechința de Mureș (LE)

3.7. Mărculeni (MA)

3.8. Mediaș (ME)

3.9. Obreja (OB)

3.10. Odorheiu Secuiesc (OD)

3.11. Orheiu Bistriței (OR)

3.12. Runcu (RU)

3.13. Șardu (SA)

3.14. Tibiscum (TI)

4. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IRONWORK HOARDS

4.1. Composition

4.2. Context

4.3. Dating

4.4. Owner identity

4.5. Interpretation

5. CONCLUSIONS

5.1. Apoldu de Sus

5.2. Bumbeşti-Jiu

5.3. Căianu Mic

5.4. Chinteni

5.5. Dedrad

5.6. Lechinţa de Mureş

5.7. Mărculeni

5.8. Mediaş

5.9. Obreja

5.10. Odorheiu Secuiesc

5.11. Orheiu Bistriţei

5.12. Runcu

5.13. Şardu

5.14. Tibiscum

6. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON IRONWORK HOARDING IN ROMAN DACIA

PART II. TYPOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE IRON TOOLS AND OTHER OBJECTS FROM THE IRONWORK HOARDS IN ROMAN DACIA. PRELIMINARY REMARKS

1. AGRICULTURE

1.1. Ploughshares (PLG)

1.2. Coulters (COU)

1.3. Plough-drawing chains (PCH)

1.4. Spade shoes (SPA)

1.5. Hoes (HOE)

1.6. Turf cutters (TUR)

1.7. Scythes (SCY)

1.8. Sickles (SIC)

1.9. Reaping and pruning hooks (RPH)

Closing remarks on agricultural tools from Dacian hoards

2. WOODWORK

2.1. Axes (AXE)

2.2. Adzes (ADZ)

2.3. Drill bits (DRL)

2.4. Drawknives (DRK)

2.5. Woodworking chisels (WCH)

Closing remarks on woodworking tools from Dacian hoards

3. METALWORK

3.1. Anvils (ANV)

3.2. Metalworking chisels and sets (MCH)

3.3. Files (FIL)

3.4. Spoons (SPO)

3.5. Punches (PUN)

Closing remarks on metalworking tools from Dacian hoards

4. MULTIPLE UTILITY TOOLS

4.1. Mattocks (MAT)

4.2. Spuds (SPU)

4.3. Dividers (DIV)

4.4. Shears (SHE)

4.5. Knives (KNI)

4.6. Branding iron or fork fragment (BIF)

4.7. Chain links (CHA)

5. HORSES AND WAGONS

5.1. Snaffle-bits (SNA)

5.2. Hub linings (HUB)

5.3. Bolts (BLT)

5.4. Drawbar bolts (DBB)

6. HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS AND UTENSILS

6.1. Querns and rynds (QUE, RYN)

6.2. Stone mortaria (MOR)

6.3. Ceramic vessels (CEV)

6.4. Bronze vessels (BZV)

6.5. Gridirons (GRI)

6.6. Slide keys (KEY)

6.7. Iron lamps (LAM)

7. JEWELLERY

7.1. Copper alloy bracelets (BRA)

8. WEAPONRY

8.1. Spearheads and spear butts (SPE)

9. FASTENINGS AND FITTINGS

9.1. T-clamps (TCL)

9.2. Hinges (HIN)

Closing remarks on fastenings and fittings from Dacian hoards

CATALOGUE OF THE TOOLS AND OBJECTS FROM THE IRONWORK HOARDS IN ROMAN DACIA 

1. Apoldu de Sus (AP)

2. Bumbești-Jiu (BU)

3. Căianu Mic (CA)

4. Chinteni (CH)

5. Dedrad (DE)

6. Lechința de Mureș (LE)

7. Mărculeni (MA)

8. Mediaș (ME)

9. Obreja (OB)

10. Odorheiu Secuiesc (OD)

11. Orheiu Bistriței (OR)

12. Runcu (RU)

13. Șardu (SA)

14. Tibiscum (TI)

APPENDICES

I. List of uncertain ironwork hoards and deposits from Roman Dacia

a. Baciu

b. Căpreni

c. Romula

d. Roșia Montană

e. Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa

II. A dictionary of Roman iron tools

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION

MAPS

PLATES

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