1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. The used methodology

2. THE AUCTION – FORM OF TRADING THE CULTURAL PATRIMONY OBJECTS

2.1. The definition of the auction term

2.2. Short history

2.3. The auction in the online environment

2.4. Types of auctions

2.4.1. Public auctions

2.4.2. Private auctions

2.5. Legal framework

2.5.1. Online auctions

2.5.2. National cultural patrimony

2.5.3. International cultural patrimony

2.5.4. Artefact categories ranked according to the origin

2.6. The criminal character of the auctions and prevention

2.7. Illustrated cases of cultural patrimony object put up for auction

2.7.1. The Dacian votive Bitus plates

2.7.2. The Sekhemka scribe statue

2.7.3. 76 Egyptian artefacts

2.8. Conclusion

3. DOCUMENTING THE ORIGIN SOURCES – THE KEY OF THE PREVENTION AND FIGHT AGAINT ILLEGAL ARTEFACT COMMERCE

3.1. The documentation of the cultural patrimony object origin

3.2. The classification of the origin of the artefacts

3.2.1. According to the legal character

3.2.2. According to the origin sources, there are:

3.3. Legal framework

3.3.1. In Romania

3.3.2. At international level

3.3.3 The typology of the theft of cultural patrimony objects

3.3.4. Means of fight against the illicit trafficking

3.4. Scientific methods of establishing the authenticity and origin of the artefacts

3.4.1. Optical methods of investigation

3.4.2. Fundamental methods on physical-chemical phenomena in time

3.4.3. The methods that correspond to a chronological and geographical classification in relation to the human activities and their evolution

3.5. The forgery of the origin sources and the artefacts

3.5.1. The forgery of the documents attesting the legal origin

3.5.2. Artefact counterfeit methods

3.6. The circulation on the market of the artefacts with forged or counterfeit documentation

3.6.1. The “Getty” Aphrodite statue

3.6.2. Mesomphalos-type religious libation bowl

3.6.3. The Kourus Statue

3.7. Conclusions

4. RESTITUTION OF THE CULTURAL PATRIMONY OBJECTS – PREVENTION AND FIGHT AGAINST ILLEGAL TRADE

4.1. The importance of the restitution of cultural patrimony objects

4.2. Terminological approaches

4.3. Typology

4.3.1. The restitution of the cultural objects lost during the wars

4.3.2. Restitution of the illicitly exported cultural objects

4.3.3. The restitution of the cultural objects to the origin country

4.3.4. The restitution of the cultural objects to the rightful/private owners

4.3.5. The restitution of the cultural objects to the people or the communities

4.4. Legal provisions that regulate the restitution/return of the cultural patrimony objects

4.4.1. In Romania

4.4.2. At international level

4.5. The interest on the restitutions of cultural patrimony objects

4.5.1. The interest regarding the litigations of international cultural patrimony

4.5.2. The state

4.5.3. Private entities – art dealers, collectors and auction houses

4.5.4. Public and private museums

4.5.5. Scientific communities

4.5.6. Indigenous people, ethnic and religious groups

4.5.7. International communities

4.6. Illustrative cases of returned cultural patrimony objects

4.6.1. Dacian Gold Spirals in the Orăștie Mountains

4.6.1. Gold Dacian spirals

4.6.2. The Rosetta stone

4.6.3. The Epic of Gilgamesh

4.7. Conclusions

5. CONCLUSIONS

5.1. At legal level

5.2. In the plan of the evolution of the cultural/auction market

5.3. In documenting the origin

5.4. In the issue of restitutions

5.5. Proposals of laws ferenda

6. ANNEXES

7. SUMMARY

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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